حل تشریحی سوال شماره 12 زبان تخصصی (انگلیسی)

PART C: Reading Comprehension Directions: Read the following three passages and answer the questions by choosing the best choice (1), (2), (3), or (4). Then mark the correct choice on your answer sheet. PASSAGE 1: First, there is the question of a definition of a computer virus. There is currently no agreement in the computer community. To the general reader differences may appear slight but to the technician they are major. There are many who consider computer viruses as the offspring of Dr. Frederick B. Cohen. He created a virus, as part of his doctoral thesis, in an effort to find ways to defend computer systems from self-replicating programs. There are others who claim that computer viruses existed well before 1984 when Dr. Cohen did his research. The debate about the appearance of the first virus will probably continue far into the future. Currently it does not appear likely that computer scientists will agree upon an 'official' definition of the term. Dr. Cohen first made his research public at the 1984 National Computer Security Conference. He made his findings known to an international audience during his presentation that same year at the International Federation for Information Processing Computer Security Conference in Toronto, Canada, IFIP/Sec '84. That conference was sponsored by IFIP Technical Committee 11 responsible for information processing security. It was attended by several hundred computer security specialists from all over the world. We often tell our lecture audiences about the reaction to his presentation at that meeting. Later in the day, after Dr. Cohen presented his paper, we met with several computer security directors from Europe and Asia. Most of them felt that Dr. Cohen's report was interesting but esoteric. One security director from a major multinational corporation remarked that it was most interesting to him that an American university would provide a young man with a laboratory "to play games." He could see no "practical" application of the research and felt that it too would disappear among the many "useless, academic studies."